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GLIMPSE INTO JOURNALISM MEDIA
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How to write Effective Press Release Links to Newspapers/Magazines Journalism Institutes in India |
Newspapers, publications are usually issued on a daily
or weekly basis and their main function is to report the news from North, East, West &
South from all over the world. . Newspapers also provide commentary on the news, advocate
various public policies, furnish special information and advice to readers, and sometimes
include features such as comic strips, cartoons, and serialized books. Newspapers are
daily, weekly, tri-bi-weekly, morning, evening or mid-day news and so on. Despite the
development of motion pictures early in the 20th century, of radio broadcasting in the
1920s, and of television in the 1940s, newspapers remain a major source of information on
matters ranging from details of important news events of human-interest. The recent
figures speak of total numbers of Newspapers stand at 25,536 or more, maximum numbers
(3564 plus) from Uttar Pradesh and lowest published from Dadra Nagar Haveli. Ranking
languages in order are Hindi, English, Bengali and Urdu.
Early newspapers were small in size, usually consisting
of only one page. They had neither headlines nor advertising and looked more like
newsletters than today's broadsheet papers with their bold headlines and numerous
pictures. As time passed, newspapers began to compete more and more with one another to
increase circulation in order to obtain more advertising, also a different type of
journalism was developed, transforming newspapers with sensational and scandalous news
coverage, the use of drawings, and the inclusion of more features such as comic strips.
Technological advances helped to encourage the growth of newspapers. The development of
the first Linotype machine in the mid-1880s speeded up typesetting by making possible the
automatic casting of type in lines. Rotary presses were also improved, and newspaper
circulation in large cities climbed into the hundreds of thousands.
Developments in paper, presses, engraving, and
electronic, computer-assisted typesetting have all improved the quality of newspapers.
Another 20th-century trend was the development of tabloid newspapers. The tabloid differs
from the standard paper in its size, the depth of its news coverage, and the number of
illustrations; the tabloid is usually about half the size of a standard paper, reports
news in more condensed or shortened versions, and offers many more illustrations. Coverage
of City happenings, relating to children, women, cookery, general & interesting
features were made in tabloids.
Newspapers have specialized staffs. In addition to a
news staff of hundreds of reporters and editors, the bigger papers also have sizable
staffs in their advertising, circulation, and production departments. The publisher
oversees all the operations, usually with the aid of an executive editor in charge of the
news department, an editorial-page editor who supervises the commentary pages, and a
business manager responsible for advertising, circulation, and production of the
newspaper. For a typical large paper, the main news staff is located on one huge,
unpartitioned floor of the newspaper plant. The staff usually includes "metro"
or local reporters, photographers, artists, and editors who cover news of report and edit
national news and foreign news. Additional staff members are concerned with business news,
sports, and cultural events. Overseeing these editors and reporters are the executive
editor, a managing editor that handles the day-to-day operations of the news staff, and
various assistant managing editors. Some reporters cover the city news, the the city and
suburban areas under the direction of the metropolitan editor. Other groups police
department, or the courts; some are general-assignment reporters covering a variety of
news events; still others are primarily investigative reporters often involved with
stories about corruption in government, business, or labor. Many reporters cover only
daily events—meetings of a city council, press conferences, fires, and
accidents—while others work for weeks to develop in-depth articles.
Each day a newspaper's editors decide what news and
features to use. Because of space limitations, they generally select only those stories
dealing with the most interesting and important events and developments. Reporters on
large papers write their own stories on computerized electronic typewriters that display
the articles on video terminals at their desks. Copy editors, who also write the
headlines, then edit the stories.
Layout editors of pages on which space has been blocked
out for the day’s advertising determine placement of articles and illustrations.
Features such as crossword puzzles etc. are run every day in approximately the same place
in the paper.
There are also four News Agencies that operate to
provide news which are (a) Press Trust of India (b) United news of India (c) Samachar
Bharati (d) Hindustan samachar The first two supply news in English whereas the other in
Hindi and other languages.
The biggest cost in the publication of large papers is
newsprint, which amounts to about one-third of the total budget. The major income comes
from the source of Advertisements.
Newspaper publishers have now plunged online with the
use of computers and television to transmit news, advertising, and other information
directly into homes. Some people believe that the newspaper of the future will not be
printed but will be an electronic information service instantly available in every
home.Many Newspapers are already being surfed on the Internet - SAMBHAAV, being the first Gujarati
Daily to be on the Internet with a million of Readers from all over the world visiting the
site.
The Print Story of the Newspapers
Perfecting Printing press
The Chinese translation of Diamond Sutra as Buddhist text was first printed in carved wood blocks in AD 868 - Earliest Printed Book
Chinese translation of Diamond Sutra
Offset Printing press
Modern Printing techniques uses advance technology to rapidly produce copies of originals. After the staff generates master copy of paper, each page is photographically transferred to plastic coated zinc or alluminium printing plates. Covered in ink, these plates then transfer their images onto paper in printing press. The printing press contains cylinders that rapidly rotate continuous webs of paper while printing with use of quick drying ink. Multi colours are printed in one pass. Process colour printing uses four transparent ink - cyan, magenta, yellow and black. Computers today, can generate images for printing reducing time and expense required to produce printing surfaces for all major processes. Computers are routinely used to create artwork, typeset, scan and retouch photographs and merge all these elements together on a single piece of film or directly on the printing plate.
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